Landscape function analysis lfa is a technique to rapidly determine. Landscape function in bush thickened and controlled areas. What are the landscape structures and processes operating in rangelands that allow us to better understand how limited resources, such as water and soil nutrients, are naturally conserved within these systems. These indicators are further integrated into three indices that represent basic soil functions. Dec 30, 2012 ludwig and tongway 1997 presented the triggertransferreservepulse ttrp framework, which is the core conceptual framework underpinning landscape function analysis lfa. Landscape and urban planning 75 2006 175186 functionanalysis and valuation as a tool to assess land use con. Landscape resilience is the capacity of a landscape to recover rapidly from stress andor disturbance sd in my view, this is best achieved by managing landscapes to be highly functional. A positive feedback between vegetation reduction and resource leakiness is. View david tongways profile on linkedin, the worlds largest professional community. Finally a functional analysis relating the area under consideration to landscape as a whole is suggested. To understand how a landscape functions, and why a landscape may be deemed functional or healthy, knowledge about the processes that enable a landscape to function effectively as a biogeochemical or biophysical system tongway and hindley, 2004, must be obtained.
Can indices of landscape function analysis lfa semantic scholar. Desertification in some form is estimated to have occurred over about 42% of the 5 million km2 of arid and semiarid lands in australia. Discussion of lpr may be found in 17, chapter 28 and 26, chapter 7. Aridity and overgrazing have convergent effects on ecosystem. Variations in hydrological connectivity of australian. Landscape function analysis lfa lfa is a method developed by the csiro to measure landscape stability and ecosystem function and is used for monitoring mine site rehabilitation. It is sustainable and landscape function analysis methodology. Shifts in landscape ecohydrological structural functional. Ludwig, published a grand summary of their multiple years of ontheground experience of restoring disturbed landscapes and ecosystems. It facilitates the identification of target values for rehabilitation and. The impact of livestock grazing on landscape biophysical. Tongway and hindley, 1995, tongway and hindley, 2004 assesses the functional status of an ecosystem or landscape by means of easily measured indicators of landscape structure and soil surface condition. The level of success in creating highperformance, multifunctional landscapes is attributed to the. Birdinhand gold project 2016 landscape function analysis transect locations.
This method uses several indicators to assess the biogeochemical function of the landscape figure 3. Landscape function analysis lfa is a monitoring procedure developed by the csiro. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Using examples from restoration works on mine sites, road verges, rangelands, and farmland they illustrate how their functionbased approach plays out. Now that we have completed our base plan, its time to go back to our list of goals for our landscape and start putting them on top of our base plan by creating a landscape functional diagram. Landscape function analysis to assess soil processes on. Landscape function analysis lfa is an inthefield, indicatorbased procedure that allows rapid assessment of how well a landscape works as a biophysical system. Maintaining landscape resilience in production landscapes with overland flow control. The functional analysis thread permaculture design forum. For example, water is a landscape resource that can be stored in the landscape, providing for.
Jun 02, 2010 landscape function analysis lfa is an inthefield, indicatorbased procedure that allows rapid assessment of how well a landscape works as a biophysical system. Landscape function analysis lfa introduced by tongway and hindley 2004 is a. Models of landscape structure there are many different ways to model or represent landscape structure corresponding to different perspectives on landscape heterogeneity. Nov 12, 2009 landscape function analysis lfa is a monitoring procedure that uses quickly determined field indicators to assess the functional status of rangelands. In this chapter our aim is to first provide restoration practitioners rps with an overview of landscape function analysis lfa and then with a description of those indicators that they can use to characterize how a landscape is structurally spatially and functionally organized. Multifunctional landscapes, by definition, are designed for multidimensional benefits 1,2,3,4. The effect of rehabilitation on ecosystem services in the. Assessment of landscape function as an information. Ludwig and tongway 1997 presented the triggertransferreservepulse ttrp framework, which is the. If you have drawn a base plan on paper, its easiest to do this using a piece of tracing paper overlaid on top our our completed base plan. A functional landscape approach for sustainable wetland and upland management the functional landscape approach. The rapid conversion of raw field data into useful information is a key design feature. Landscape function thus the way a landscape reserve gets its supply of resources is of vital importance. We define ephemeral drainagelines are those where water briefly flows such as after moderate to heavy rains.
Practical methodology for landscape analysis and zoning. Multiscale evaluation of soil functional indicators for the. The arrows on the sketch indicate the more direct, longer, uninterrupted flow paths that tend to mobilize and transport more soil and. Through the landscape organizational index loi, the landscape id divided into patch and interpatch zones where the ssa indicators are used to determine the three main parameters that will give an indication of the functioning of the landscape. For this reason, landscape designers use a design process that systematically considers all aspects of the land, the environment, the growing plants, and the needs of the user to ensure a visually pleasing, functional, and ecologically healthy design. Reviews of landscape function analysis lfa applications in rangeland ecosystems and its links with vegetation indices vis.
The most common form of desertification is loss of perennial grasses from grasslands, savannas, and open woodlands, often with a replacement by inedible shrubs. Birdinhand gold project land function analysis 2016. Landscape functionality of plant communities in the impala. Opportunities and constraints of functional assessment of.
See the complete profile on linkedin and discover davids connections and jobs at similar companies. Landscape function in bush thickened and controlled areas of. Grazing reduces the capacity of landscape function. Landscape functional diagram, a key step in landscape design.
This is followed by a structural and functional analysis ofthe land area under consideration for treatment. Thank you to david tongway who showed a true teachers touch in imparting his years of experience and his techniques of landscape function analysis with insight and gentleness, not to mention a herculean effort in the field. Functional landscape analysis the ecosystem services blog. It consists of three components encompassing a conceptual framework of how landscapes function, a field methodology. Landscape function analysis manual 6 distributed within it. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, d j tongway and others published landscape function analysis. Procedures for monitoring and assessing landscapes with special.
Report of the partner agency consultation pdf, 210kb on the landscape analysis on readiness to act in nutrition geneva, switzerland, 56 november 2007. Maintaining landscape resilience in production landscapes. It consists of three components encompassing a conceptual framework of. Defining the landscape once the analysis or management objectives have been established, the most critically important step in any landscape ecological application is to define the landscape in a manner that is relevant to the phenomenon under consideration given the objectives. Aridity and overgrazing have convergent effects on. Lfa is a monitoring procedure that uses rapidly acquired fieldassessed indicators to assess the biogeochemical. Functionanalysis and valuation as a tool to assess land.
It uses 11 indicators of soil biogeochemical properties and processes, and generates three indices of soil function. Summary of results tables 17 when comparing vis for high and low. Functional analyses at the landscape, component, and patch levels were intended to identify the landscape characteristics of the functional patterns of connectivity. Variations in hydrological connectivity of australian semiarid landscapes indicate abrupt changes in rainfalluse efficiency of vegetation mariano morenode las heras,1,2 patricia m. Landscape function analysis lfa is a monitoring procedure that uses quickly determined field indicators to assess the functional status of rangelands. Project muse teaching the assessment of landscape function. As such, it complements existing procedures that assess condition. It comprises three modules a conceptual framework, a field methodology and an interpretational framework and is intended to generate chronosequences of data. Defining the landscape once the analysis or management objectives have been established, the most critically important step in any landscape ecological application is to define the landscape in a manner that is relevant to the phenomenon under consideration given. At the outset it must be stated that this paper is intended. Landscape function analysis ephemeral drainageline assessments eda.
Landscape functional attributes in each plot, soil surface conditions were scored for each of the three principal landscape functional attributes applying methodology described by tongway and hindley 1995. Landscape function analysis lfa is a visual assessment procedure used to assess and monitor soil function rapidly from measurable soil surface characteristics. In this paper we take a fresh look at how to reach a predictable understanding of how rangelands work by viewing them as landscape systems 3. Often, bar graphs or scatter plots do not sufficiently demonstrate the complexity or nuance of the data, particularly in a functional connected network i.
Landscape function can be represented as a continuum from the leastdamaged landscape, called highly functional, to the mostdamaged, called highly dysfunctional, landscapes ludwig and tongway, 2000. It consists of three components encompassing a conceptual framework of how. It incorporates a quadratbased module soil surface condition that assesses the capacity of the soil to resist erosion, cycle nutrients and in. This continuum is evident in different landscapes such as grasslands and shrublands plate 6. Box 8080, 6700 dd wageningen, the netherlands available online 20 june 2005 abstract. Landscape function how does this landscape work as a biophysical system. Summary of the landscape function analysis indices obtained in the different. Effects of contour furrow on ecological indices of range. This article appeared in a journal published by elsevier.
Landscape function analysis manual electronic resource. Broadly considered, landscape pattern analysis involves four basic types of spatial data. Landscape function can be represented as a continuum from the leastdamaged landscape, called highly functional, to the mostdamaged, called highly dys functional, landscapes ludwig and tongway, 2000. Procedures for monitoring and assessing landscapes with special reference to minesites and rangelands find. African journal of range and forest science, 21, pp. One series of indicators potentially applicable to mine sites is landscape functional analysis lfa, as the methodology is widely suggested as a tool to assess the functional status of an ecosystem tongway and ludwig, 2011.
As is usual practise in functional analysis, we shall frequently blur the distinction between fand f. The visualization of complex and multidimensional data sets in a meaningful way is a difficult process. Lfa is easy to learn and needs only simple field equipment, yet is based on careful scientific research. The purpose of landscape analysis and planning landscape analysis and landscape planning are closely related and overlapping practices. Landscape function analysis or reading the landscape. Indicators of stability ephemeral drainagelines are present in almost all landscapes such as those observed on a hillslope in a watershed catchment.
Landscape function analysis lfa botanica consulting. Viewing rangelands as landscape systems springerlink. Landscape analysis and planning summary a component of. Functional analysis of landscape connectivity at the. Environmental systems analysis group, wageningen university, p. Multiscale evaluation of soil functional indicators for. In this respect, landscape function analysis is presented tongway and hindley, 2004 in order to assess the effects of corrective and management actions on rangelands based on functional and structural properties using eleven soil surface indices and three functional features involving stability soil. The notion of ecosystem function is based upon the observation that highly functional ecosystems strongly retain vital resources water, soil, nutrients, and organic matter. Study area the stutterheim region was identified as an ideal area for investigating local level impacts. David tongway canberra, australia professional profile. The book presents a fivestep, adaptive procedure for restoring landscapes that is supported by proven principles and concepts of ecological science. Spatial point patterns represent collections of entities where the geographical locations of the entities are of primary interest, rather than any quantitative or qualitative attribute of the entity itself. The idea is that people who have a lot of knowledge or experience can make a post offering a functional analysis.
Can indices of landscape function analysis lfa be derived. Practical methodology for landscape analysis and zoning by tom bradley and herb hammond september 1993 this document may be reproduced or distributed freely and without charge, provided said reproduction is not. Assessment of landscape function as an information source. Ludwig and tongway, 1995isa widely accepted technique for assessing soil nutrient status in terrestrial environments. Ecosystem function analysis landscape function analysis lfaefa is a long established and well received science based monitoring and assessment technique for rehabilitated mines sites in australia. Desertification continues to be a problem, especially during droughts when grazing pressures reduce. However, as function deteriorates there is an increasing leakage of these vital resources from the landscape. It provides keystone evidence for the reestablishment of ecosystem function in the form of soil condition across a range of mine substrates and climatic conditions. Restoring disturbed landscapes putting principles into. Restoring disturbed landscapes is a handson guide for individuals and groups seeking to improve the functional capacity of landscapes. Some lecture notes include homework assignments plus solutions. Landscape architects, architects, and planners are charged with designing landscapes that meet diverse human needs, while also facilitating ecosystem functions 5,6. The classification of functional types originally proposed in our study was used to identify the functional features of the components and patches in the study area.
The plan must be a dynamic, living document, subject. Analysis is a prerequisite step for any planning, but is ongoing as planning proceeds. I was looking at bill mollisons functional analysis of a chicken the other day and thought wouldnt it be nice to have a place where i can look at the functional analysis of various creatures, plants, systems, etc. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Ludwig and tongway 1995 restated landscape function as the manner in.
Water infiltration status soil capacity to absorb and retain water. Landscape function analysis lfa is a monitoring procedure that uses. Landscape function analysis lfa is an environmental monitoring technique which is internationally recognized as a method of measuring and monitoring ecosystem function and rehabilitation progress. Lfa monitoring has a proven record for adequately assessing rehabilitation to dmp standards. Jan 11, 2017 we aimed to i evaluate how aridity and grazing affect ecosystem structure and functioning and ii test the usefulness of the landscape function analysis lfa indices stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling as surrogates of soil functioning.
The interpretational framework is based on a sigmoidal response surface linking the lowest and highest functional examples of a given landscape type across a stressdisturbance gradient. Monitoring ecological indicators of rangeland functional. Fleenor 2 abstract a landscape analysis plan lap sets out broad guidelines for project development within boundaries of the kings river sustainable forest ecosystems project. Application of ecosystem function analysis efa in assessing. Water and nutrientsdifferent currencies there are two fundamental currencies being banked in landscape reserves.
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